Abstract
The vulnerability against presentation attacks is a crucial problem undermining the wide-deployment of face recognition systems. Though presentation attack detection (PAD) systems try to address this problem, the lack of generalization and robustness continues to be a major concern. Several works have shown that using multi-channel PAD systems could alleviate this vulnerability and result in more robust systems. However, there is a wide selection of channels available for a PAD system such as RGB, Near Infrared, Shortwave Infrared, Depth, and Thermal sensors. Having a lot of sensors increases the cost of the system, and therefore an understanding of the performance of different sensors against a wide variety of attacks is necessary while selecting the modalities. In this work, we perform a comprehensive study to understand the effectiveness of various imaging modalities for PAD. The studies are performed on a multi-channel PAD dataset, collected with 14 different sensing modalities considering a wide range of 2D, 3D, and partial attacks. We used the multi-channel convolutional network-based architecture, which uses pixel-wise binary supervision. The model has been evaluated with different combinations of channels, and different image qualities on a variety of challenging known and unknown attack protocols. The results reveal interesting trends and can act as pointers for sensor selection for safety-critical presentation attack detection systems. The source codes and protocols to reproduce the results are made available publicly making it possible to extend this work to other architectures.
Abstract (translated)
URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.10286
