Abstract
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems typically treat documents as flat text, ignoring the structured metadata and linked relationships that knowledge graphs provide. In this paper, we investigate whether structured linked data, specifically this http URL markup and dereferenceable entity pages served by a Linked Data Platform, can improve retrieval accuracy and answer quality in both standard and agentic RAG systems. We conduct a controlled experiment across four domains (editorial, legal, travel, e-commerce) using Vertex AI Vector Search 2.0 for retrieval and the Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) for agentic reasoning. Our experimental design tests seven conditions: three document representations (plain HTML, HTML with JSON-LD, and an enhanced agentic-optimized entity page) crossed with two retrieval modes (standard RAG and agentic RAG with multi-hop link traversal), plus an Enhanced+ condition that adds rich navigational affordances and entity interlinking. Our results reveal that while JSON-LD markup alone provides only modest improvements, our enhanced entity page format, incorporating this http URL-style agent instructions, breadcrumbs, and neural search capabilities, achieves substantial gains: +29.6% accuracy improvement for standard RAG and +29.8% for the full agentic pipeline. The Enhanced+ variant, with richer navigational affordances, achieves the highest absolute scores (accuracy: 4.85/5, completeness: 4.55/5), though the incremental gain over the base enhanced format is not statistically significant. We release our dataset, evaluation framework, and enhanced entity page templates to support reproducibility.
Abstract (translated)
检索增强生成（RAG）系统通常将文档视为扁平文本，忽略了知识图提供的结构化元数据和链接关系。在这篇论文中，我们探讨了使用结构化的链接数据，特别是HTTP URL标记以及由链接数据平台提供的可解析实体页面，是否能提高标准和代理式RAG系统的检索准确性和答案质量。我们在四个领域（编辑、法律、旅行、电子商务）进行了一项受控实验，使用Vertex AI向量搜索2.0进行检索，并采用Google代理开发工具包（ADK）进行代理推理。 我们的实验设计测试了七种条件：三种文档表示形式（纯HTML、带有JSON-LD的HTML和增强优化的实体页面）、两种检索模式（标准RAG和多跳链接遍历的代理式RAG），再加上一种Enhanced+条件，该条件添加了丰富的导航功能和实体互链。我们的结果显示，虽然单独使用JSON-LD标记仅提供了适度改进，但包含this http URL风格的代理指令、面包屑导航以及神经搜索能力的增强实体页面格式实现了显著提升：标准RAG准确率提高了29.6%，代理式RAG管道的完整流程提高到了29.8%。Enhanced+变体，具有更丰富的导航功能，在绝对得分上取得了最高分（准确性：4.85/5，完整性：4.55/5），尽管相对于基础增强格式的增量改进并未达到统计显著性。 我们发布了数据集、评估框架和增强实体页面模板以支持可重复性。
URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.10700
