Abstract
Wearable force-augmentation technologies, including exoskeletons and soft exosuits, are being developed for occupational and rehabilitation settings to enhance performance by reducing the muscular demands of movements. Yet enhanced performance also requires users to perceive the environment accurately, adapt to changing conditions, and decide whether actions are worth their physical cost. We used an elbow-assisting exosuit to investigate the physiological, perceptual and cognitive consequences of force augmentation during lifting. We assessed weight perception, adaptation in a volatile environment, and effort-based decision-making with and without assistance. While assistance reduced muscle activity, its behavioural outcomes did not simply reflect this biomechanical change. Assistance reduced perceived weight, but this effect was strongly shaped by participants' initial experience. Assistance also selectively reduced adaptation to changing environmental contingencies. Finally, reducing the muscular demands of lifting did not translate straightforwardly into how demanding the action felt or whether participants chose to perform it: differences in effort-based decisions were shaped by initial experience rather than simply tracking reductions in muscle activity or perceived fatigue. Together, we show that the perceptual and cognitive consequences of force augmentation cannot be inferred from its biomechanical benefits alone. Effective augmentation therefore requires perceptual and cognitive outcomes to be evaluated alongside physical performance.
Abstract (translated)
URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41679
