Surveillance
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TRACE-PCa: Predicting Prostate Cancer Progression from Longitudinal MRI During Active Surveillance
2026-07-15 07:00:50Hongye Zeng, Shreeram Athreya, Dingyuan Dai, Steve Raman, Leonard Marks, William Speier, Corey ArnoldAbstract
Active surveillance (AS) is the preferred strategy for favorable-risk prostate cancer, yet current protocols rely on scheduled repeat biopsies, most of which reveal no progression and are unnecessary. Existing risk-stratification tools operate on single time-point imaging or depend on explicit lesion segmentation, limiting their ability to capture longitudinal change and excluding patients without an MRI-visible lesion. In this study, we propose an end-to-end temporal and multimodal model for predicting pathological progression during AS without lesion segmentation. We encode each serial scan with a pretrained 3D MRI foundation model and introduce a temporal attention gate that recalibrates the multi-visit features to amplify focal imaging changes associated with progression. The gated imaging representation is then fused with clinical variables in a multimodal framework to estimate the probability of progression. Validated on a longitudinal AS cohort, our approach consistently outperforms competing baselines and performs comparably to the radiologist assessment representing current clinical practice. It maintains high negative predictive value while achieving higher positive predictive value, demonstrating its potential to safely reduce unnecessary biopsies during surveillance.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.13506
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Real-time fall detection based on vision for low-power edge platforms
2026-07-14 15:43:41Wenjun Xia, Zhicheng Peng, Haopeng Li, Zhengdi ZhangAbstract
Falling detection is vital for elderly care and intelligent surveillance; however, prevailing vision-based approaches predominantly frame it as static pose classification or discrete temporal pattern matching, fundamentally overlooking the instability dynamics of the human support system. This paper proposes a physics-informed falling detection framework that recasts falling as a stability-loss event in a coupled dynamical system. We introduce a novel dual-LTC architecture comprising a Center-of-Mass (CoM) subsystem and a Base-of-Support (BoS) subsystem, both instantiated as Liquid Time-Constant (LTC) neural networks to continuously model inertial trajectory evolution and ground-contact adjustment through adaptive time constants, Physical interpretability of falling motion. A learnable coupling module emulates physical interaction between the two subsystems, while a Stability Manifold classifier operates in the joint latent space to detect boundary crossing via Lyapunov-inspired stability metrics. Complementary counterfactual trajectory projection and Time-to-Collision (TTC) estimation further enable irreversibility assessment and early warning. The architecture is designed to support a three-state prediction paradigm (Normal, Falling, Fallen); in this preliminary study, we validate the core stability discrimination capability on a two-class dataset (Normal vs. Falling), leaving the full three-state temporal transition to future work. Unlike conventional CNN--RNN pipelines, the proposed formulation encodes continuous-time mechanical inertia, yielding a sub-50K-parameter network capable of real-time inference on resource-constrained edge devices. Extensive experiments demonstrate competitive accuracy with superior physical interpretability, validating its efficacy for low-compute visual fall detection.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.12909
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Unsupervised Detection of Entry and Exit Regions from Vehicle Trajectories for Camera-Agnostic Turning Movement Counts
2026-07-12 22:38:57Parikshit Singh Rathore, Vishwajeet Pattanaik, Punit RathoreAbstract
Turning movement counts are essential for intersection-level traffic management, yet their collection remains predominantly manual due to the cost of per-camera region annotation. This paper presents an unsupervised pipeline that identifies entry and exit regions directly from raw vehicle trajectories extracted via object detection and multi-object tracking, requiring no manual annotation, camera calibration, or prior knowledge of intersection geometry. Unlike trajectory clustering methods that classify individual trajectories using pairwise similarity and must be re-executed on every new batch, the proposed pipeline clusters initial and terminal point locations to produce persistent spatial region polygons that classify future trajectories by point-in-polygon containment at linear cost. The pipeline comprises six sequential steps, each with configurable parameters evaluated through a systematic statistical analysis spanning 19,152 pipeline executions across 25 surveillance cameras capturing dense heterogeneous traffic in Bengaluru, India, and 10 sequences from the UA-DETRAC benchmark dataset. Both parametric and nonparametric testing frameworks identify three consistently significant parameters and yield an empirically grounded recommended configuration. Under this configuration, the pipeline achieves a median classification error of approximately 3% across all 25 cameras, including 16 held-out locations, with GEH values within accepted engineering thresholds. Compared with two trajectory clustering baselines, the proposed pipeline exhibits greater stability across camera views and lower computational cost, at the expense of higher median error. Extended evaluation demonstrates that calibration clips of at least 60 minutes and peak-traffic selection further improve region estimation quality.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.10949
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Coverage Path Planning: Classical Foundations, Recent Advances, and Future Directions
2026-07-12 08:33:42Zongyuan Shen, Shalabh Gupta, Shancheng Zhao, Dehua Zhou, Gao Wang, Zhongqiang Ren, Yaming Ou, Yikui Zhai, C. L. Philip ChenAbstract
Coverage path planning (CPP) is a fundamental problem in robot motion planning, whose aim is to produce robot trajectories that provide complete coverage of target workspaces while minimizing task-specific objectives such as path length, overlap, number of turns, and energy consumption. CPP has widespread applications in cleaning, inspection, mapping, agriculture, manufacturing, surveillance, demining, and environmental monitoring. Although classical CPP has been extensively studied, recent advances have extended CPP beyond single-robot settings to multi-robot systems, complex 3D environments, constrained platforms, learning-based coverage planning, and visual coverage tasks. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of 125 representative works published primarily between 2015 and 2026, while presenting the evolution of recent developments in light of the classical CPP methods published before 2015. The CPP methods are organized into six main categories: single-robot CPP, multi-robot CPP, 3D CPP, constrained CPP, learning-based CPP, and visual CPP. For each category, the review summarizes the main planning formulations, representative algorithms, strengths, and limitations. In addition, the review analyzes how environmental knowledge, workspace geometry, robot constraints, sensing objectives, and coordination requirements shape the CPP problem. The survey further discusses open challenges in scalable online planning, multi-robot coordination, 3D and visual coverage, unified platform-constrained and resource-aware coverage, and learning-enhanced coverage. Thus, the survey provides a structured overview of recent CPP developments and future research directions.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.10649
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End-to-End Real-Time Drone-Based Person Detection Framework Using Deep Learning
2026-07-12 06:55:26Payel Sarmah, Ayush Ranjan, Piyush Kaushik Bhattacharyya, Anil Kr. Shaw, Pradip Kr. DasAbstract
In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or drones have gained rapid response in terms of security, search and rescue (SAR), border surveillance, etc. Existing monitoring frameworks often struggle to maintain detection consistency when targets undergo significant scale variations due to altitude changes, leading to critical information gaps. To address this issue, this work proposes an integrated real-time detection pipeline for detecting targets through the wireless live drone video feed. Build upon YOLOv8-nano architecture, extensive flight experiments were conducted to determine the detection performance across multiple flight altitudes. Trained on VisDrone2019 dataset, the results of YOLOv8-nano model achieves 57.4%, 41%, 44.8% and 20.3% in precision, recall, mAP and mAP50:95 respectively. While demonstrating on real environment, this analysis revealed that the algorithm achieves near-total detection reliability at altitudes between 16 and 25 meters with the detection frame rate consistently maintained above 41 FPS and reaching a peak of 50 FPS. However, the goal of this work is to enable real-time person detection from an aerial platform via wireless transmission. This approach effectively addresses the dual challenges of identifying targets at varying scales and ensuring near-to-accurate localization during aerial observation.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.10605
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Benchmarking UAV-based Vehicle Re-Identification under Simulated Weather Conditions
2026-07-12 05:41:29Vu Minh Tran, Khang NguyenAbstract
UAV-based vehicle re-identification (ReID) has emerged as a promising technique for traffic surveillance, urban monitoring, and public-safety applications thanks to the flexible viewpoints and wide-area coverage provided by unmanned aerial vehicles. However, despite recent progress on UAV-based vehicle ReID benchmarks, the robustness of existing methods under adverse weather remains insufficiently studied. This is important because weather degradation can significantly affect the fine-grained appearance cues required for reliable vehicle matching in aerial imagery, especially under small object scale, viewpoint variation, and complex backgrounds. In this paper, we present a controlled comparative study of three representative recent vehicle ReID methods, namely CLIP-ReID, MSINet, and AdaSP, on two UAV-based benchmarks, VRU and UAV-VeID. To ensure consistent robustness evaluation, we generate synthetic foggy and rainy variants of both datasets using an analytical weather-effect pipeline while preserving the original identities and data splits. All methods are then trained and evaluated under matched clean, foggy, and rainy conditions. Experimental results show that adverse weather consistently degrades retrieval performance across both datasets, with rain causing larger drops than fog in nearly all settings. Among the evaluated methods, AdaSP demonstrates the strongest robustness, achieving 93.0% and 88.5% mAP on VRU-Large, and 88.7% and 76.2% mAP on UAV-VeID-Test under foggy and rainy conditions, respectively. Overall, our findings show that simulated adverse weather substantially increases the difficulty of UAV-based vehicle ReID, reveals clear robustness differences among recent methods, and highlights the need for weather-aware model design and evaluation protocols in future aerial ReID research. The code is released at this https URL.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.10583
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Geopolitical alignment: Endorsement effects in large language models
2026-07-10 10:26:06Maxim ChupilkinAbstract
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to summarize and evaluate policy-relevant information, but it remains unclear whether their judgments are implicitly shaped by geopolitical cues. I study this question with an endorsement experiment in which four LLMs evaluate the same international economic and security policies after each policy is randomly described as supported by the United States, the European Union, China, or Russia. In the numeric-only condition, GPT-5, Claude Sonnet, and Gemini rate China- and Russia-endorsed policies substantially lower than identical policies endorsed by the United States or the European Union; DeepSeek is the main exception. A second condition asks models to provide a short justification with the score. This request leaves the broad Western/non-Western gap intact for GPT-5 and Claude Sonnet, attenuates Gemini's penalties, and sharply activates China and Russia penalties in DeepSeek. The justifications indicate that Western endorsement is often treated as a credibility cue, whereas Chinese and Russian endorsement is treated as a cue for data security, sovereignty, surveillance, or geopolitical risk. These findings show that LLM policy evaluations can depend on the identity of a foreign endorser even when policy content is held fixed.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.09262
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Event Stream based Multi-Modal Video Anomaly Detection: A Benchmark Dataset and Algorithms
2026-07-10 05:58:52Peipei Zhu, Yueqing Niu, Lin Zhu, Guanchong Niu, Yang Yu, Zheng LiAbstract
Video anomaly detection (VAD) is critical for automated surveillance but remains fragile under challenging conditions such as illumination variations, fast motion, and complex backgrounds when relying solely on visible light videos. To address these limitations, we propose EVAD, an event enhanced VAD framework that jointly exploits conventional video and event streams captured by bio inspired event cameras. Event sensors asynchronously capture brightness changes with high temporal resolution, offering robustness to motion blur and extreme lighting, and providing motion salient cues complementary to video based visual information. To support multi modal VAD research, we construct a large scale visible event benchmark comprising 6.3 billion events and 376,368 video frames collected under diverse illumination levels, motion patterns, and background complexities, filling the gap of realistic and scalable datasets for event based anomaly detection. Building upon this dataset, we design a contrastive multi modal pretraining framework to learn discriminative event representations by aligning semantic embeddings across event streams, visible videos, and textual descriptions. An adaptive fusion module then dynamically integrates event based temporal cues with video based spatial semantics, improving robustness to environmental disturbances. Experiments on benchmarks and the proposed TJUTCM Pha dataset demonstrate that E VAD consistently outperforms methods, validating the effectiveness of event-based sensing for VAD in real world scenarios.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.09114
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A Step Forward Towards Trustworthy Risk-Aware Facial Retrieval
2026-07-09 14:55:45Muhammad Emmad Siddiqui, Muhammad RafiAbstract
Facial image retrieval in unconstrained surveillance environments is a high-stakes challenge where missing a subject of interest -- a single false negative -- is simply not an option. Despite near-perfect performance on curated benchmarks, current recognition systems falter under real-world domain shifts such as low resolution, motion blur, and uncontrolled illumination (e.g., SCFace). Addressing this reliability gap, we propose Risk-Aware Facial Retrieval (RA-FR), a framework that moves beyond fixed Top-$k$ retrieval to adaptive set generation, guaranteeing ground truth inclusion within a user-specified risk level ($\alpha$) and confidence level ($1 - \delta$). Our approach integrates three core contributions: (1) reducing aleatoric uncertainty via a hybrid blind face restoration technique coupling Latent Consistency Models (InterLCM) and DiffBIR; (2) extracting discriminative, restoration-robust features via self-supervised DINOv1 ViT-B with GGeM pooling; and (3) employing conformal prediction with Hoeffding's inequality to dynamically calibrate retrieval set sizes based on query uncertainty. On the IMFDB benchmark, it consistently satisfies a 5% risk target with an average retrieval set size of approximately 10 images. By unifying domain-specific restoration, robust representation learning, and provable decision rules, RA-FR offers a pipeline that makes facial retrieval in surveillance both reliable and auditable. The code is available at: this https URL.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.16279
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ForensicNet: Lightweight Attention-Enhanced MobileNetV2 for Automated Face Identification
2026-07-08 09:07:52Savitha N J, Lata B TAbstract
In forensic environments, automated identification of perpetrators is difficult due to pose changes, changes in light, occlusion, and lack of labeled data. This paper presents ForensicNet, a lightweight deep learning framework for forensic face recognition that enhances attention. The suggested model combines the MobileNetV2 backbone with Convolutional Block Attention Modules (CBAM) to improve the learning of discriminative features while maintaining computational speed. A two-phase transfer learning strategy with adaptive layer unfreezing is used to improve domain adaptation and reduce overfitting. This study used publicly available datasets such as LFW and SCFace, with 15,000 facial images spanning 68 identity classes. The proposed model outperforms baseline architectures such as AlexNet, ResNet-50, and MobileNetV2, with an accuracy of 92.4%, a precision of 90.8%, and a recall of 89.5%. Additionally, the framework requires only 2.1 GFLOPs per inference, and hence can be used in real-time forensic surveillance applications.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.16273
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Towards Reliable Aerial Ground Vehicle Collaboration: An Integrated Planning and Autonomy Framework for Field Deployment
2026-07-07 15:59:49Md Safwan Mondal, Luca Russo, James D. Humann, James M. Dotterweich, Pranav BhounsuleAbstract
Limited flight endurance significantly restricts the operational range of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in long duration missions such as surveillance and inspection, where multiple spatially distributed Areas of Interest (AOIs) must be visited. These tasks require efficient routing determining the sequence of visits which directly impacts mission time, energy consumption, and overall feasibility. Pairing UAVs with unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) for mobile recharging offers a promising solution, but introduces a tightly coupled cooperative routing problem involving UAV route planning, UGV road constrained movement, energy management, and rendezvous scheduling under uncertainty. In this work, we present an integrated planning and autonomy framework for reliable field deployment. We formulate the problem as an energy constrained cooperative routing task and solve it using a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based planner that jointly optimizes the UAV visitation sequence and rendezvous locations with the UGV, outperforming baseline heuristics in minimizing total mission time. To bridge the gap between planning and execution, we introduce a standardized two layer YAML based mission API that captures environment states and structures lightweight, synchronized action sequences. This framework is supported by a complete autonomy stack using PX4/MAVSDK for UAV control and ROS 2/Nav2 for UGV navigation. Furthermore, we propose a lightweight Rendezvous Aware Replanner (RARP) that operates online to handle environmental uncertainties, reducing energy margin violations from 83.33% to 20.00%. The full system is validated through outdoor field experiments, demonstrating robust cooperative navigation and adaptability in dynamic tasks, including a search and rescue scenario with vision language model (VLM) based hazard detection
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.07350
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Robust Face Super-Resolution and Recognition Through Multi-Feature Aggregation in Diffusion Models
2026-07-06 23:49:55Marcelo dos Santos, Rayson Laroca, Jo\~ao Carlos Raposo Neves, David MenottiAbstract
Images acquired in surveillance environments often suffer from conditions such as low resolution, variations in pose, irregular illumination, and occlusions. Due to the low quality of these images, face recognition algorithms often struggle. This major limitation can be addressed by employing super-resolution techniques that enhance the details of the image. However, due to the high degree of difficulty of the problem, most super-resolution algorithms tend to cause distortions in the image and in the individual's identity. Thus, additional information must be incorporated into the processing to improve recognition robustness. In this regard, surveillance cameras can capture multiple images, even at low quality, and the data extracted from these images, such as consecutive video frames, can significantly enhance both super-resolution and facial recognition. In this work, we introduce FASR++, a diffusion-model-based super-resolution algorithm. It leverages a reference low-resolution image and features extracted from multiple auxiliary low-quality images to generate a super-resolved output, minimizing distortions in the individual's identity. Our approach recovers facial features without explicitly providing soft attributes or computing a function gradient to guide the reconstruction process. FASR++ generates high-quality images that can considerably improve performance in face recognition tasks when used as a pre-processing step. We validate our approach on two standard face recognition datasets and attain state-of-the-art results for verification, face recognition, and image quality metrics such as PSNR, SSIM, and LPIPS.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.05702
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SteelBench: Evaluating Vision-Language Models in Real-World Industrial Environments
2026-07-06 16:11:45Suryanarayana Reddy Yarrabothula, Manisha Chawla, Kunal Sinha, Gagan Raj Gupta, Sashank Lekkala, Ashirvadhan Dosapati, Saikamal Nannuri, Katragadda Ajay RamaSwamy Chowdary GowthamAbstract
Existing video benchmarks evaluate action recognition on consumer videos, egocentric recordings, or simulated industrial environments. They do not test vision-language models under the visual and procedural conditions of real industrial CCTV, where workers appear as distant figures amid dust, steam, low light, glare, occlusion, and overlapping activities. We introduce STEELBENCH, a diagnostic benchmark for industrial surveillance that jointly evaluates per-worker activity recognition, safety-rule reasoning, and annotation provenance. SteelBench contains 1,345 densely annotated clips, curated from 149 hours of operational plant footage and 10,024 candidate clips using temporal deduplication, class balancing, and visibility-aware stratified sampling. Each clip includes dense per-worker action labels, PPE attributes, spatial context, and safety-rule annotations. Because model-assisted annotation can shape the labels later used for model evaluation, SteelBench includes a provenance-aware audit protocol. The protocol measures label influence, evaluates sensitivity to ground-truth provenance, and reports a human reference from expert-reviewed labels. Applying this audit, we find that unaudited VLM-sourced ground truth can inflate same-family model accuracy by up to 17 percentage points. Across nine VLMs from four architectural families, the best model reaches only 42.6% action accuracy, compared with an 84.6% human benchmark. Performance also fragments across recognition, robustness, calibration, and safety reasoning. Even when models predict the correct action, 37-58% of cases still yield incorrect safety judgments, and no model passes more than 2 of 5 diagnostic checks. The dataset is publicly available on Hugging Face.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.05264
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Unsupervised Detection of Underground Tunnels in Ground-Penetrating Radar Using Depth-Restricted Reconstruction Scoring
2026-07-06 10:02:37Muhammad Junaid, Shoab A. Khan, Nisar AhmedAbstract
Clandestine tunneling beneath oil and gas pipelines enables fuel theft, smuggling, and sabotage, yet conventional monitoring detects damage only after a pipeline has been compromised. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) can image such tunnels non-invasively, but manual radargram interpretation does not scale to continuous corridor surveillance, and supervised detectors require tunnel examples that are scarce in practice. We present a fully unsupervised detection pipeline trained exclusively on normal subsurface radargrams collected at a purpose-built field site containing three buried tunnels at 1.5-3 m depth. A denoising convolutional autoencoder learns the structure of anomaly-free ground; at inference, tunnels are flagged by reconstruction error. Our central contribution is a depth-restricted top-k anomaly score, which pools the highest reconstruction errors only within the depth band where tunnels can physically occur. This physically motivated rule raises AUC from 0.986 to 0.994 and cuts missed detections from 74 to 17 of 634 tunnel windows, relative to whole-image scoring, without any retraining or labels. We further show that the optimal top-k fraction interacts with the depth restriction - 1% pooling is best on full images, 5% once scoring is depth-restricted - and that spatial voting across overlapping survey windows helps weak per-image detectors but offers no benefit once the scoring rule is strong. The final system attains AUC 0.994, F1 0.975, recall 0.973, and precision 0.976 on 1,600 field test windows spanning 55 survey lines, at a 1.6% false-alarm rate, using no tunnel labels for training, scoring, or threshold calibration.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.04882
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Robustness Verification of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle-based Plankton Classifier
2026-07-05 18:32:59Abdelrahman Sayed Sayed, Pierre-Jean Meyer, Asgeir J. S{\o}rensen, Mohamed GhazelAbstract
The assessment of planktonic standing stocks and microorganism structures is critical for understanding upper ocean biological processes. Currently, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with in-situ optical imaging and artificial intelligence (AI) methods offer a promising solution for persistent surveillance, mapping and monitoring of planktonic life. However, current AI methods often lack robustness in dynamic, unstructured environments, where environmental noise and non-biological artifacts lead to frequent misclassifications. Standard convolutional neural network (CNN) classifiers often struggle with such conditions, leading to misclassifications that require time-consuming manual validation by marine biologists. To address this issue, we propose a novel robustness verification framework for in-situ plankton classifiers based on reachability analysis. We also introduce a continuous-time neural ordinary differential equation (neural ODE) classification model leveraging the high-resolution imaging capabilities of the SilCam particle imager. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework by formally verifying the robustness of the neural ODE model against environmental perturbations. We demonstrate that our verification framework acts as an automated filter providing formal guarantees of model stability against ambiguous data, thereby improving the reliability of autonomous sampling and reducing the post-processing workload.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.04453
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Event Detection in Videos: A Framework for the Development of New Methods
2026-07-05 16:00:47Anastasia Zakharova, Thierry Bouwmans, Anthony Cioppa, Adrien Deli\`ege, Antonio Greco, Ana\"is Halin, Kamil Jeziorek, Meghna Kapoor, Tomasz Kryjak, Islam Osman, S\'ebastien Pi\'erard, Carlo Sansone, Mohamed S. Shehata, Renaud Vandeghen, Marc Van Droogenbroeck, Bruno VentoAbstract
Event detection tasks in videos, the most important aspect of video surveillance, aim to detect events either at the pixel-level, frame-level, or clip-level. Plenty of methods intended for event detection in different environments, for various applications, and within different acquisition techniques were introduced. Naturally, the attempts were made as well to classify these algorithms in terms of detection of performance or in terms of real-time abilities. Nevertheless, the lack of a large-scale dataset as well as rigorous performance evaluation methods have biased such comparisons as well as the development of the methods. Given the diversity of existing approaches, we believe it is essential for researchers to position their work within such a rich landscape. Thus, we propose a rigorous framework for developing new methods in event detection for videos. Specifically, this framework is based on three main pillars: datasets, performance evaluation, and scenarios for deploying methods.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.04372
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Reinforcement Learning for Heterogeneous Sensor Selection in Maritime Surveillance
2026-07-03 14:26:26Andrei Starodubov, Yaqub Aris Prabowo, Andreas Hadjipieris, Roberto Galeazzi, Ioannis KyriakidesAbstract
This paper presents an information-gain-guided reinforcement-learning sensor-selection framework for single-vessel tracking in heterogeneous maritime sensor networks. The proposed approach is motivated by information-theoretic sensor management: instead of activating all sensors or repeatedly performing computationally expensive online expected-information-gain evaluation, a learned policy selects one tracking-relevant sensor at each decision epoch. A Bayesian sequential Monte Carlo tracker estimates the vessel state from noisy measurements and provides a belief representation for scheduling under nonlinear and non-Gaussian conditions. A Proximal Policy Optimization agent selects one of five sensors deployed in a georeferenced simulation of the CMMI Smart Marina testbed at Ayia Napa Marina, Cyprus. The agent observes belief-state, detection-history, coverage, sensor-geometry, and realized-information-gain features. The reward is defined as a realized-information-gain term gated by an observability mask. Final-test simulations compare the proposed framework with random single-sensor selection, always-on sensing using all sensors simultaneously, and the expected-information-gain sensor-selection baseline proposed in our previous work. Results show that the learned policy achieves tracking performance close to always-on sensing while activating only one sensor per decision time step and avoiding the computationally expensive online entropy search required by expected-information-gain selection.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.22667
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A Multi-Task Deep Learning Framework for Real-Time Intelligent Video Surveillance with Temporal Event Validation
2026-07-03 09:20:58Estera Dumitru, Stelian Sp\^inuAbstract
Modern video surveillance systems generate far more video streams than human operators can effectively monitor, making automated analysis essential for timely detection of security events. This paper presents a unified multi-task deep learning framework that simultaneously performs face recognition with zone-based authorization, automatic license plate recognition, weapon detection, fire and smoke detection, and human action recognition on a shared GPU platform. Among the integrated modules, two task-specific deep-learning models are proposed in this work to address scenarios that are insufficiently represented in publicly available datasets: a single-class weapon detector fine-tuned on a merged and relabeled dataset, achieving a mean average precision (mAP@0.5) of 0.947, and a SlowFast-R50 action recognition model trained on a purpose-built vandalism dataset comprising 614 video clips, achieving 94.33% classification accuracy. To improve robustness in continuous video, all detection modules are integrated into a temporal event-validation architecture based on multi-frame confirmation, confidence-weighted voting, and cascaded filtering, transforming frame-level predictions into reliable security events. Each module is evaluated independently on established public datasets (LFW, D-Fire, FIRESENSE, and UCF-Crime), followed by integrated end-to-end system evaluation. The proposed temporal validation strategy reduces the fire and smoke false-alarm rate from 52% to 4% and improves video license plate exact-match accuracy from 66.7% to 81.8%, while the complete framework maintains real-time operation with a per-frame latency below 100 ms on commodity hardware. These results demonstrate that combining specialized deep-learning models with temporal event validation provides an effective and practical solution for reliable real-time intelligent video surveillance.
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URL
https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.03131
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Attention-Guided Efficientnet Architecture For Precise Criminal Identification in Surveillance Images
2026-07-03 08:09:27Savitha N J, Lata B TAbstract
Criminal identification from surveillance imagery has become a critical research area in intelligent forensic surveillance systems due to the increasing deployment of CCTV cameras in public and private environments. However, surveillance-based face recognition remains highly challenging because of low image resolution, illumination variation, motion blur, pose changes, facial occlusion, and background clutter. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an Attention-Guided EfficientNet (AG-EfficientNet) framework for precise criminal identification in surveillance images. The proposed framework integrates EfficientNet-B0 with Convolutional Block Attention Modules (CBAM) to enhance discriminative facial feature learning under degraded surveillance conditions. In addition, a multi-scale surveillance feature fusion strategy is introduced to preserve both local texture information and high-level semantic identity representations. A hybrid Softmax-Triplet optimization mechanism is further employed to improve inter-class separability and intra-class compactness for robust criminal identity discrimination. The proposed framework was experimentally evaluated using the Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) and SCFace datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AG-EfficientNet framework achieved superior surveillance recognition performance with an identification accuracy of 98.2%, Precision of 97.9%, Recall of 97.6%, F1-Score of 97.7%, and ROC-AUC of 0.99, outperforming conventional deep learning architectures including AlexNet, VGG16, ResNet50, MobileNetV2, and standard EfficientNet-B0. Furthermore, Grad-CAM visualization and ablation analysis confirm the effectiveness of the proposed attention-guided feature learning strategy.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.03073
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Aircraft Detection in Satellite Imagery using Deep Learning Object Detectors
2026-07-02 18:43:38Mujahir Hussain Abbasi (Department of Information Technology Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India), S. Beghin (Bose School of Computational,Physical Sciences Kristu Jayanti, Bengaluru, Karnataka), A. T. R. Krishna Priya (AB Technologies Nagercoil, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India), P. Jamuna (Department of Electrical,Electronics Engineering Nandha Engineering College, Erode, India), G. Anandhakumari (Department of Physics Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Perundurai, India), S. Jaanaa Rubavathy (Department of Electrical,Electronics Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, India)Abstract
The object detection in satellite imagery has garnered considerable attention due to its extensive real-world applications and the inherent challenges it presents, including noise, fluctuating image quality, and intricate backgrounds. This paper proposed a framework for object detection that combines image enhancement and Deep Learning (DL) to make detection more accurate. First, a Gabor filter is used to process the input image to bring out important features and reduce noise. Then, normalization is applied to make sure that the data is evenly distributed so that the model works properly. After that, a model based on YOLOv11 is used to quickly learn and find object features. The proposed method achieves a mAP of 95%, precision of 97%, recall of 85%, and F1-score of 91%, which demonstrates the superior aircraft detection performance. These results show the framework accurately identify aircraft in satellite imagery and is suitable for real-time applications such as surveillance, air traffic monitoring and remote sensing analysis.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.02699
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